Simultaneously, a probe (which may be another laser) is used to monitor changes in the characteristics (often optical) of the sample (e.g. Raman scattering, optical absorption, electrical conductivity, NMR, stroboscopic methods, etc.).
Understanding of radiation chemistry drives development in several fields including chemistry, medical radiotherapy, nuclear industry and many others.
Using laser-plasma acceleration, EPAC is capable of producing electron beams up to GeV energies lasting femtoseconds. This extremely short pulse will enable study of faster chemical processes than is possible using conventional technology.